This/that, these/those

              

                     Near                            Far

Singular      This bag                    That bag

Plural          These bag                 Those bag

This

- Used to mean something or someone that is near you or that you are pointing to. Example: How much did this car cost? / This is my girlfriend, Betty.

- Used to mean the present week, month, year, etc. or the one that comes next. Example: I’ll see you this evening.

- Used to mean something that you have already talked about. Example: When did this happen?

That

- Used to mean something or someone that is not near you. Example: Have you seen that man over there?

- Used to mean something that has already been talked about or seen. Example: That looks heavy.

- Used to make a connection with an earlier statement. Example: My train was cancelled. That’s why I’m late.

These

- You use these to refer to people or things that are near you, especially when you touch them or point to them. Example: You'll have to show me these beautiful flowers.

- You use these at the beginning of noun groups to refer to someone or something that you have already mentioned or identified. Example: A committee has been formed. These people can make decisions much more quickly.

Those

- You use those when you are referring to people or things that are a distance away from you in position or time, especially when you indicate or point to them. Example: Can I help you with those bags?

OJO

Demonstrative adjectives  are used together with the noun and qualify the noun. Example: This soup is good.

demonstrative adjective + noun

Demonstrative pronouns are not used with the noun but stand in place of the noun. Example: This (the soup) is good.

demonstrative adjective + noun → demonstrative pronoun